World Factbook Title
navigation arrows
Download Publication
Africa :: Mali
page last updated on November 10, 2011
Flag of Mali
(CONTAINS DESCRIPTION)
Location of Mali
Click flag or map to enlarge Opens in New Window
 
Map of Mali
Click map to enlarge Opens in New Window
Photos of Mali
 
Navigation Arrow view 1 photo Opens in New Window
of Mali
Expand All | collapse All
Introduction ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup - led by the current president Amadou TOURE - enabling Mali's emergence as one of the strongest democracies on the continent. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first democratic presidential election in 1992 and was reelected in 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, KONARE stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was subsequently elected to a second term in 2007. The elections were widely judged to be free and fair.
Back to Top
Geography ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
17 00 N, 4 00 W
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 1,240,192 sq km
country comparison to the world: 24
land: 1,220,190 sq km
water: 20,002 sq km
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 7,243 km
border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 km (landlocked)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
none (landlocked)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest point: Senegal River 23 m
highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
arable land: 3.76%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 96.21% (2005)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2,360 sq km (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
100 cu km (2001)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 6.55 cu km/yr (9%/1%/90%)
per capita: 484 cu m/yr (2000)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan
Back to Top
People and Society ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
noun: Malian(s)
adjective: Malian
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Muslim 90%, Christian 1%, indigenous beliefs 9%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
14,159,904 (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0-14 years: 47.3% (male 3,372,717/female 3,325,188)
15-64 years: 49.7% (male 3,438,687/female 3,605,143)
65 years and over: 3% (male 199,862/female 218,307) (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 16.3 years
male: 15.9 years
female: 16.7 years (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
2.61% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 25
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
45.62 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
14.29 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-5.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 194
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
urban population: 36% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
BAMAKO (capital) 1.628 million (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
830 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)
country comparison to the world: 10
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 111.35 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 4
male: 118.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 104.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total population: 52.61 years
country comparison to the world: 205
male: 51.01 years
female: 54.26 years (2011 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6.44 children born/woman (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7.5% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 65
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.049 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
country comparison to the world: 178
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0.57 beds/1,000 population (2008)
country comparison to the world: 167
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
improved:
urban: 81% of population
rural: 44% of population
total: 56% of population
unimproved:
urban: 19% of population
rural: 56% of population
total: 44% of population (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
improved:
urban: 54% of population
rural: 32% of population
total: 36% of population
unimproved:
urban: 46% of population
rural: 68% of population
total: 54% of population (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 48
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
76,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4,400 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria
water contact disease: schistosomiasis
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2009)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
27.9% (2006)
country comparison to the world: 22
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.4% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 86
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 46.4%
male: 53.5%
female: 39.6% (2003 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 8 years
male: 9 years
female: 7 years (2009)
Back to Top
Government ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
conventional long form: Republic of Mali
conventional short form: Mali
local long form: Republique de Mali
local short form: Mali
former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
republic
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: Bamako
geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
22 September 1960 (from France)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
adopted 12 January 1992
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age; universal
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister CISSE Mariam Kaidama Sidibe (since 3 April 2011)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 April 2007 (next to be held in April 2012); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE reelected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 71.2%, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA 19.2%, other 9.6%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 1 and 22 July 2007 (next to be held in July 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADP coalition 113 (ADEMA 51, URD 34, MPR 8, CNID 7, UDD 3, and other 10), FDR coalition 15 (RPM 11, PARENA 4), SADI 4, independent 15
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretary general]; Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); Convergence 2007 [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Amadou Ali NIANGADOU]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Basir GOLOGO]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
other: the army; Islamic authorities; rebels in the northern region; state-run cotton company CMDT; tuaregs
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Mamadou TRAORE
chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950
FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
chief of mission: Ambassador Gillian A. MILOVANOVIC
embassy: located just off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge just west of the Bamako central district
mailing address: ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte 297, Bamako
telephone: [223] 270-2300
FAX: [223] 270-2479
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red
note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Senegal (which has an additional green central star) and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
name: "Le Mali" (Mali)
lyrics/music: Seydou Badian KOUYATE/Banzoumana SISSOKO
note: adopted 1962; the anthem is also known as "Pour L'Afrique et pour toi, Mali" (For Africa and for You, Mali) and "A ton appel Mali" (At Your Call, Mali)
Back to Top
Economy ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country highly dependent on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government has continued an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that has helped the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali is developing its cotton and iron ore extraction industries to diversify its revenue sources because gold production has started to fall. Mali has invested in tourism but security issues are hurting the industry. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a 5% average in 1996-2010. Worker remittances and external trade routes for the landlocked country have been jeopardized by continued unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire. However, Mali is building a road network that will connect it to all adjacent countries and it has a railway line to Senegal. In 2010, Mali experienced a regional drought that hurt livestock and livelihoods.
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$16.77 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134
$16.06 billion (2009 est.)
$15.37 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$9.268 billion (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4.5% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
4.5% (2009 est.)
5% (2008 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1,200 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
$1,200 (2009 est.)
$1,200 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 38.9%
industry: 21.5%
services: 39.6% (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
3.241 million (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
agriculture: 80%
industry and services: 20% (2005 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
30% (2004 est.)
country comparison to the world: 177
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
36.1% (2005 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 30.5% (2006)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
40.1 (2001)
country comparison to the world: 62
50.5 (1994)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
25.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
revenues: $1.898 billion
expenditures: $2.143 billion (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
20.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-2.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
30.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
24.3% of GDP (2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.1% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
2.2% (2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
16% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
9.2% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
9.5% (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.783 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
$1.758 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$2.522 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 141
$2.514 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.181 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 149
$994.9 million (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$NA
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
NA%
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
490 million kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
455.7 million kWh (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 kWh
note: Mali may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 kWh (2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
6,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 177
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
4,507 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 163
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 165
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 202
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
-$704.6 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
-$645.4 million (2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$2.071 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
$1.889 billion (2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
cotton, gold, livestock
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
China 27.2%, Indonesia 8.2%, Thailand 5.3%, Burkina Faso 5.2%, Morocco 5%, South Korea 4.9% (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$2.38 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
$2.082 billion (2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Senegal 13.6%, France 11%, Cote dIvoire 10%, China 6.8%, South Korea 5.2% (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$1.292 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
$1.605 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
$3.024 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 129
$2.667 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
495.28 (2010)
472.19 (2009)
493.51 (2007)
522.59 (2006)
Back to Top
Communications ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
114,400 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 144
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
7.326 million (2010)
country comparison to the world: 85
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; increasing use of local radio loops to extend network coverage to remote areas
domestic: fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to nearly 30 per 100 persons
international: country code - 223; satellite communications center and fiber-optic links to neighboring countries; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately-owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately-owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
.ml
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
524 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 179
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
249,800 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 135
Back to Top
Transportation ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
20 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 136
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 3 (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 593 km
country comparison to the world: 109
narrow gauge: 593 km 1.000-m gauge (2010)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
total: 18,912 km
country comparison to the world: 114
paved: 3,597 km
unpaved: 15,315 km (2005)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1,800 km (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 45
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Koulikoro
Back to Top
Military ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
Malian Armed Forces: Army, Republic of Mali Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Republique du Mali, FARM), National Guard (2008)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2011)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 2,848,412
females age 16-49: 2,981,106 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
males age 16-49: 1,825,779
females age 16-49: 1,968,563 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
male: 158,031
female: 159,733 (2010 est.)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
1.9% of GDP (2006)
country comparison to the world: 75
Back to Top
Transnational Issues ::Mali
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
demarcation is currently underway with Burkina Faso
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
refugees (country of origin): 6,300 (Mauritania) (2007)
Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order.
current situation: Mali is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; within Mali, women and girls are forced into domestic servitude, agricultural labor, and support roles in gold mines, as well as subjected to sex trafficking; Malian boys are found in conditions of forced labor in agricultural settings, gold mines, and the informal commercial sector, as well as forced begging both within Mali and neighboring countries; boys from Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger, and other countries are forced into begging and exploited for labor; adult men and boys, primarily of Songhai ethnicity, are subjected to the longstanding practice of debt bondage in the salt mines of Taoudenni in northern Mali; some members of Mali's black Tamachek community are subjected to traditional slavery-related practices rooted in hereditary master-slave relationships, and this involuntary servitude reportedly has extended to their children
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the government acknowledged that human trafficking is a problem in Mali, but it did not demonstrate significant efforts to prosecute and convict trafficking offenders; although the government identified at least 198 trafficking victims during the year - 152 of whom were Malian children in prostitution - it prosecuted only three trafficking cases and convicted two trafficking offenders (2011)
Back to Top
Expand All | collapse All